LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR START-UPS AND INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
By Adriana Esper and Beatriz Yamashita
On June 1, 2021, Complementary Law 182/21 was enacted establishing the new Legal Framework for Startups and Innovative Entrepreneurship, bringing measures to stimulate the creation of new innovative companies and investment incentives through the improvement of the business environment in the country. It comes at a good time.
The number of startups that have emerged in Brazil in recent years is known to be growing. According to the Brazilian Association of Startups (Abstartups ), in 2011 there were 600 companies following this model in the country. By 2020, there will be no fewer than 12,700.
The Legal Framework defines startups as business or corporate organizations that operate in innovation applied to the business model or the products and services offered. These companies must have annual gross revenues of up to R$ 16 million and no more than 10 years of registration in the National Register of Legal Entities (CNPJ). They must also declare in their articles of incorporation that they use the innovative business model in their activity.
With the new legislation, startups may receive investments from individuals or legal entities, which may or may not join the startup's capital stock. In addition to the already known angel investment agreement set forth in the National Microenterprise and Small Businesses Statute (Supplementary Law 123/06), other forms of initial funding are recognized by the Legal Framework, namely (i) stock or quota subscription option agreement entered into between the investor and the company; (ii) stock or quota purchase option agreement entered into between the investor and the company's shareholders or partners; (iii) convertible debenture; (iv) loan agreement convertible into equity interest entered into between the investor and the company; (v) structuring of a partnership entered into between the investor and the company.
It is important to highlight that the investor who makes the capital contribution under the rules of Complementary Law 182/21 will not be considered a partner, will not have management power or voting rights in the administrative conduction of business and will not be liable for any debts of the invested company, including labor or tax debts. In this way, the rule overturns one of the major barriers that hindered the attraction of investments by entrepreneurs: the liability of the investor for the startup 's debts through the so-called disregard of the legal entity (except, of course, in cases of intent, fraud or simulation of the investor).
Another recognized source of funds for startups is the one coming from companies that have investment obligations in research, development and innovation arising from grants made by regulatory agencies (e.g., ANVISA, ANP, Aneel). The measure allows such companies to fulfill their obligations by investing in Equity Funds or Equity Investment Funds (FIP) that invest in startups, or in programs, calls for proposals or competitions aimed at financing and accelerating startups managed by public institutions.
The Legal Framework also intends to facilitate innovation by startups and companies, insofar as it opens doors for the creation of experimental regulatory environment programs, the so-called regulatory sandbox, in which organs or agencies with sectorial regulatory competence are authorized to, individually or jointly, set aside regulatory norms of the activities under their competence so that innovative business models and new techniques and technologies are tested without the restrictions ordinarily imposed on regulated entities.
Complementary Law 182/21 creates, finally, a special bidding modality for contracting innovative startups by the Public Administration and adapts the S/A Law and the National Micro and Small Company Statute to this new normative reality.
The multidisciplinary corporate team of Miguel Silva & Yamashita Advogados, represented by its partners Beatriz Yamashita(byamashita@msyadvogados.com.br) and Adriana Esper(aesper@msyadvogados.com.br), is following this issue and is available to clarify any doubts about it.
Adriana Sforcini Lavrik Esper is a lawyer and professor with expertise in data privacy, digital and technological law. MBA in Risk Management and Compliance (FIPE), specialization in Data Science Ethics (Michigan University) and in Foreign Trade and International Business (FGV/SP). Member of the Compliance Commission and of the Privacy and Data Protection Commission of OAB- SP/Associate of IBDEE. Partner at Miguel Silva & Yamashita Advogados.
Beatriz R. Yamashita is a lawyer specialized in Tax Law, with a degree in Corporate Law from the University Of London (King's College), in the following specialties: European Community; International Commercial Transactions; Double Taxation Treaties; Intellectual Property; and Human Rights; and from Schiller International University (London Campus), with specialties in Macroeconomics, Financial Administration, Accounting, Marketing and Statistics. Beatriz is also specialized in mediation and arbitration by the Psychological Mediation and Mediation Advocacy Course (International Bar Association Mediation Committee) - Regent's University - London/UK.